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The public Hybrid III family finite element models have been used in simulation of automotive safety research widely. The validity of an ATD finite element model is largely dependent on the accuracy of model structure and accurate material property parameters especially for the soft material. For Hybrid III 50th percentile male dummy model, the femur load is a vital parameter for evaluating the injury risks of lower limbs, so the importance of accuracy of knee subcomponent model is obvious. The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of knee subcomponent model and improve the validity of it. Comparisons between knee physical model and knee finite element model were conducted for both structure and property of material. The inaccuracy of structure and the material model of the published model were observed.

As the length of the frontal structure of the minibus can't be as long as cars, some new methods have to be developed to maximum the effect of the energy absorption. In this paper, a step-by-step energy absorption method which based on reverse design was proposed. Two plates with different size and different thickness which can take part in the energy absorption step by step were added in each of the rectangular longitudinal beams. Finite element models were developed both for rectangular beam and minibus. Multi-body model was also developed for the restraint system. The validation of the rectangular beam model was done by sled test, and the minibus model was done by minibus crash test. The computational results matched well with the test results. Then, orthogonal experimental method was used to find the most effective parameters for the energy absorption. These parameters were optimized in the simulation of minibus crash.

Child Restraint Systems (CRS), when used properly, can effectively avoid or reduce injury for children in motor vehicle crashes. To deal with the problems of the high rate of misuse of the CRS and submarining in frontal crashes when child occupants using traditional vehicle seat belts, a novel integrated child safety seat (ICSS) with a four-point seat belt and a ring-shaped lap belt was developed in this study. It is easy to operate and has lower rate of misuse. To study the protection performance of the newly developed ICSS in frontal crashes, a sled test and a series of simulations were conducted. The frontal impact sled test was conducted according to the European regulation ECE R44, which includes a Q6 anthropomorphic test device (ATD) and the impact velocity is 50 km/h. The simulation model included the ICSS model and the Q6 ATD model was developed in the MADYMO software, and the simulation model was validated by the sled test.