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The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in mass and number based heavy duty diesel engine particle emissions with respect to various test conditions, engine technologies and fuel specifications. Comparative particle size data and regulated particulate matter are presented from three heavy duty engines and three fuels. This paper describes results from the DETR/CONCAWE/SMMT Particle Research Programme. Three heavy duty diesel (HDD) engines representing Euro I, II and III technologies were tested with a range of fuels. These fuels included UK ultra low sulphur diesel (UK-ULSD), EN590 (EU2000) specification and Swedish Class I fuels. Continuing research suggests that when changes in regulated particulate mass emissions are compared to both individual mode and total cycle mass and number weighted particle size distributions there is often no significant correlation. In an attempt to provide further data in this area the following measurement methodology was adopted.

This paper describes the observed effects of parameters such as tunnel dilution ratio, test procedures and measurement methods on particle emissions. Attention is drawn to the transient behavior of nanoparticles within real legislated cycle conditions using conventional dilution systems. The aim of the paper is to communicate the limitations of widely used measurement equipment to enable a more confident interpretation of the particle size data. The paper describes the information obtained during the DETR/CONCAWE/SMMT Particle Research Programme with regard to the sampling and measurement of particles emitted from light duty vehicles and heavy duty engines. Light duty vehicles were tested on gasoline, diesel and LPG, while heavy duty engines were tested on both diesel and compressed gaseous fuels. Two Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) instruments were employed in order to cover a measurement range from a lower limit of ∼7nm up to ∼710nm.