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This research presents the differences between the exhaust emission parameters when biodiesel and biodiesel blends are used instead of Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD). Measurements have been conducted on three commercial light-duty engines. The engines include an Audi 1.9 TDI that lives up to the requirements of Euro 2, a Peugeot 1.6-liter common rail with original oxidation catalyst and EGR that lives up to the requirements of Euro 4 and a Peugeot 1.6-liter common rail with original Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) and Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) that lives up to the requirements of Euro 4. Tests were performed on a dynamometer running steady state in five representative modes drawn from the ISO 8178 test procedure. The reference diesel was in accordance with EN 590. The biodiesel blends are based on a new EN 14214 animal fatty acid methyl ester (AFME).

The paper presents results illustrating the effect on Diesel particulate filters (DPF) in relation to rapeseed methyl ester (RME) and animal tallow methyl ester (TME) compared to Diesel (EN590). Measurements were performed in an engine test cell using a modern common rail light duty CI engine running at five different load points for more than 330 hours. Regulated and non-regulated gaseous emission such as NOx and NO2 were monitored before and after the DPF to characterize the catalytic activity. Detailed investigation was also carried out concerning the ash balance in relation to engine lubricant additives and fuel contribution. Results showed an increase in NO2 engine out emission when the engine was fueled with biodiesel. However, the balance point temperature for the catalyst was significantly decreased illustrating the opportunity to optimize the catalytic surface correspondingly with increasing amount of biodiesel being regulatory implemented.