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This paper reports and analyses experimental results showing the performances of two state-of-the art, commercially available storage systems, adequate for use onboard hybrid vehicles, i.e. a supercapacitor (SC) and a super-high power lithium battery. The two devices were subjected to specific experimental tests adequate to ease comparisons for use onboard hybrid vehicles. The results are expressed mainly in terms of specific power and charge/discharge efficiency as a function of the wanted discharge time; they show that, if future cycle efficiency analyses do not reverse the result, very high power lithium batteries are a very competitive candidate for use as onboard storage within hybrid vehicles, when storage of a single technology are considered.

Lithium batteries are increasingly being considered for installation as power sources in electric and hybrid vehicles, because of their high specific energy and power. To effectively size the vehicle Rechargeable Energy Storage System, it is very important to be able to mathematically model their behaviour. Battery modelling is also very useful for on-line management of electric and hybrid vehicles. This paper presents a dynamic model of lithium batteries based on experimental tests on high power Lithium-polymer models. The results can be adapted, with suitable parameter evaluation, to other lithium batteries as well.