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This paper presents comparative analyses of steering wheel responses of various layouts for heavy goods vehicles, including rigid and articulated configurations. Newton and Lagrange techniques have been adopted to formulate and verify the generalized linear model for multi-axle rigid and articulated vehicles. The model is then used to simulate, analyze and compare steering angle response of a variety of commercially available vehicles. The study includes the analyses of steady state response and dynamic behavior for different layouts in terms of axle positions, number of axles and multiple steered axles.

The purpose of this paper is to deal with the frequency response of rigid and articulated vehicles subjected to a steering input. In particular, the effect of tire dynamics is considered in detail. Tire delays in lateral force generation can be modeled by adopting first or second order transfer functions. The paper compares the structure of the overall transfer functions simulating the entire vehicle. The results related to three alternative linear vehicle models are presented, in order to draw some objective conclusions about the real effect of relaxation length at low and average velocities.