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In response to the demand to lower CO2 emission, all engine developers face the challenge of drastically reducing fuel consumption. At the same time, they will need to meet future exhaust emission legislation by simultaneously employing internal measures and after treatment systems. Additionally, they will have to deal with increasing fuel variability. As different properties can lead to very different behavior in engine operation, information onboard the vehicle providing the fuel composition would allow to adjust engine operating parameters accordingly, to make the most beneficial use of the available fuel quality. This will be obvious considering future diesel fuels blends, or the ever increasing amount of biodiesel content mixed into Diesel fuel, but could already be interesting considering existing fuel variability faced in Europe or America.

Future heavy-duty (HD) concepts should fulfill very tight tail-pipe NOx emissions and simultaneously fulfill the fuel efficiency targets. In current HD Euro VII discussions, real working cycles become key to ensure emission conformity. For instance, cold start and cold ambient conditions during testing with low load profiles starting from 0% payload, require external heating measures. Knowing the trade-off between fuel consumption and tail-pipe NOx emissions a holistic engine and EAT system optimization with innovative thermal management is required. Towards a carbon neutral mobility, Hydrogen combustion engines are one of the key solutions. Advanced combustion system development enables maximal usage of lean burning as the major advantage of the Hydrogen fuel for efficiency improvement and NOx reduction.