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Recent work has investigated the use of O₂ concentration in the intake manifold as a control variable for diesel engines. It has been recognized as a very good indicator of NOX emissions especially during transient operation, however, much of the work is concentrated on estimating the O₂ concentration as opposed to measuring it. This work investigates Universal Exhaust Gas Oxygen (UEGO) sensors and their potential to be used for such measurements. In previous work it was shown that these sensors can be operated in a controlled pressure environment such that their response time is of the order 10 ms. In this paper, it is shown how the key causes of variation (and therefore potential sources of error) in sensor output, namely, pressure and temperature are largely mitigated by operating the sensors in such an environment. Experiments were undertaken on a representative light-duty diesel engine using modified UEGO sensors in the intake and exhaust system.

Enhanced perception algorithms are the key requirement for the introduction of more sophisticated active safety functionalities to urban areas. In order to realize the principles of test-driven development for such systems, either a set of representative and comprehensive test-drive logs needs to be available up front or a sufficiently universal simulation environment for virtual maneuvers should be employed. In this article a case study of developing a radar-based estimator for target heading is considered. This relatively standard problem serves as an illustrative example to assess the merits of an inherently simplified stimulus generated from virtual maneuvers and its limitation in comparison to real measurements. It is argued that a convenient modelling approach for a virtual scene simulation applied from an early development stage can further improve the quality and integrity of active safety projects, especially when they involve multiple sensor types.