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Global warming due to exhaust emissions, rapid depletion of crude oil, and strict carbon control legislation has forced researchers to search biofuels as substitute for petroleum diesel fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable and oxygenated fuel. It is free from sulfur, non-toxic and a biodegradable. The different non-edible vegetable oils such as Algae, Karanja and Jatropha could be used to produce biodiesel. Biodiesel is a green fuel with an exception that it emits 15-20% more NOx as compared to diesel fuel. The emissions of nanoparticles are more hazardous to human health. The nanoparticles emission of biodiesel must be measured according to the new strict regulations. The engine performance and the lower emission characteristics, except for NOx emission, for Algae, Karanja and Jatropha oil biodiesels are similar to those of diesel fuel.

Global warming with stringent emission legislation along with the depletion of fossil fuel has given us an opportunity to find biodiesel as alternative to diesel fuel. Biodiesel has been widely accepted as comparable fuel to diesel in diesel engine. This is due to its renewable property, better lubricity, along with lesser gaseous emission as compared to diesel fuel. However, there is a major disadvantage in the use of biodiesel as it increases NOx emission. Fuel additive becomes one of the essential tools to overcome the drawback of biodiesel required to meet the international standard of performance and emission. In this study, the performance, combustion, and gaseous emission of CO, CO2, HC, NOx and PM including particle size number distribution characteristics, were compared for diesel, Karanja oil biodiesel, and Karanja oil biodiesel with Cerium Oxide Nano particles fuel additive, in a 12 cylinder, 585 kW, CIDI military diesel engine.

Biodiesel fuels are an alternative to diesel fuel. Biodiesel is an oxygenated, sulphur free, non-toxic, biogradable and renewable fuel. It is derived from vegetable oils. Since straight vegetable oils have quite high viscosity compared to mineral diesel, they have to be modified to bring their combustion-related properties and viscosity closer to mineral diesel. This is done by modifying their molecular structure through a transesterification process. In the present study, a military heavy duty 38.8 liter, 585 kW supercharged, compression ignition diesel injection (CIDI) engine was fuelled with diesel, Karanja oil methyl ester (KOME) biodiesel, and KOME biodiesel with cerium oxide fuel additive, respectively. These were subjected to 100 hours long term endurance tests. Lubricating oil samples, drawn from the engine fuelled with these fuels after a fixed interval of 20 hours, were subjected to elemental analysis.

Rapid depletion of petroleum reserves, stringent emission legislations and global warming has given us an opportunity to find biodiesel as an alternative to diesel fuel. Biodiesel is a biogradable, renewable, sulphur free, non-toxic, and oxygenated green fuel. Recent emission legislations have also restricted the nano particles emission in addition to particulate matter, due to their adverse impact on health. Karanja and Jatropha oils are non-edible vegetable oils. Karanja and Jatropha oil methyl ester biodiesel are prepared by the process of transesterification. Biodiesel emits lesser gaseous emission as compared to diesel fuel. However, the only major concern in the use of biodiesel is that it increases NOx emission. Nano particle fuel additive is one of the essential techniques to overcome the NOx emission drawback of biodiesel.