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Recent advancements in simulation software and computational hardware make it realizable to simulate a full vehicle system comprised of multiple sub-models developed in different modeling languages. The so-called, co-simulation allows one to develop a control strategy and evaluate various aspects of a vehicle system, such as fuel efficiency and vehicle drivability, in a cost-effective manner. In order to study the feasibility of the synchronized parallel processing in co-simulation this paper presents two co-simulation frameworks for a complete vehicle system with multiple heterogeneous subsystem models. In the first approach, subsystem models are co-simulated in a serial configuration, and the same sub-models are co-simulated in a parallel configuration in the second approach.

The growing complexity of engine control systems and integration with transmission and vehicle dynamics controls systems have lead to the use of torque-based engine control. Torque-based control enables flexibility and expandability of the powertrain control system structure. It allows various engine actuation technologies (active fuel management (AFM), cam phasing, supercharger, etc.) to be easily incorporated, and to enable a simpler control structure than current production controls. Torque-based control structure is developed to coordinate and achieve better engine, transmission, hybrid, and vehicle dynamics controls. This paper describes the role of Engine Torque Control in a torque-based control system. It gives an overview of Engine Torque Control architecture with main elements, and discusses control system requirements.