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The emissions of modern Diesel engines, which are known to have various health effects, are beside the drivers torque demands and low fuel consumptions one of the most challenging issues for combustion and after treatment control. To comply with legal requirements, emission control for heavy duty engines is not feasible without additional hardware, usually consisting of a Diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC), a Diesel particulate filter (DPF) and a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. In contrast to other NOx reduction systems, e.g. lean NOx traps, the SCR system requires an additional ingredient, namely ammonia (NH3), to reduce the NOx emissions to non harmful components. Consequently, the correct amount of NH3 dosing in the SCR catalyst is one of the critical components to reach high conversion rates and avoid ammonia slip.