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The air pollution is increasing at an alarming rate now a day mainly due to emissions coming out of automotive vehicles. The exhaust emissions gases are hazardous to human health. The increased number of vehicles on road will make the scenario even worse. In order to control the pollution level, the regulatory bodies are now implementing stringent emission norms. In India, the regulatory authorities has framed the transition of BS IV to BS VI emission norms in 2020 by skipping the BS V emission norms which makes the automotive industries to work on more advanced fuel management technologies. It is more tedious to control the tail pipe emissions beyond BS IV emission norms with the conventional carburetor system since it is operating on open loop system. It is evident that in order to meet the stringent emission norms we need to have a closed loop system which controls the Air Fuel Ratio (AFR) close to stoichiometric to increase the conversion efficiency of the catalytic converter.

The main challenge in today's modern diesel engines is to design the parts, which should withstand higher temperatures. To achieve this, selection of materials and tolerances are very important. The product identified for this study is an oil pump, which is an engine auxiliary component. The function of oil pump is to supply oil to different parts of the engine to lubricate and reduce the overall engine friction. The different speed and load condition for which the engine is subjected pose a challenge to the oil pump, to supply necessary quantity of oil at required pressures. Normally, the oil pump is subjected to a temperature of 120°C at higher speeds. However, the peak oil temperature in modern diesel engines can be as high as 140°C. When the existing pump was tested at full speed and suddenly decelerated to idle speed, it was observed that the minimum oil pressure was not maintained for engine lubrication.