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Experimental investigations were carried out to study the effect of the addition of an ignition improver with a bioethanol diesel emulsion, on the performance and emission behavior of a single-cylinder, 4-stroke, air-cooled, direct-injection (DI) diesel engine, with a rated power of 4.4 kW at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Bioethanol was produced from the madhuca indica flower, which is proposed as a new feed stock. 15% bioethanol was emulsified with 84% diesel on a volume basis with the help of a surfactant of 1% to get the emulsion named as BDE15. The ignition improver used in the experimentation was diethyl ether (DEE) whose cetane number is greater than 125. 1% and 2% of DEE was added to the bioethanol diesel emulsion named as BDE+DEE1% and BDE+DEE2% respectively. The performance and emission results of the engine fueled with BDE15, with BDE+DEE1% and BDE+DEE2% were compared with those of diesel operation, and are presented in the paper.