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This paper describes the influence of diesel engine operating parameters not only on the properties of the emitted soot particles but also on the whole engine chain of events, which was visualized by optical measurement techniques. The vapor and liquid phase of the injected diesel spray was observed simultaneously by laser-induced exciplex florescence (LIEF) to analyze mixture formation up to the visible start of combustion. The soot formation and oxidation process was evaluated by detecting a spectral range of the soot luminescence and the OH radical. The electrical mobility particle diameter as well as the primary particle size of the emitted soot particles were analyzed by a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) and by High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM).