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To ensure compliance with emerging Diesel emission standards and demands for reduced fuel consumption, the optimization of the engine operation is imperative under both stationary and real operation conditions. This issue imposes a strict control of the combustion process that requires a closed-loop algorithm able to provide an optimal response of the engine system not only to warm-up, accelerations, changes in the slope of the road, etc., but also to engine aging and variations of fuel properties. In this paper, with the final purpose of accomplishing an innovative control strategy based on non intrusive measurement, the engine block vibration signal is used to extract useful information able to characterize the in-cylinder pressure development during the combustion process. In the previous research activity, the same methodology was applied to stationary operation of the engine.