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Vehicle manufacturers will need to overhaul current development methods used to guarantee emissions compliance with the introduction of more stringent emissions legislation. Climatic boundaries of temperature and altitude and in-service conformity mileage compliance will likely be extended alongside alterations to trip dynamics; this will require robust calibrations for emissions compliance. Consequently, assessing this vast array of scenarios will be impossible with physical testing of prototype vehicles and overseas climatic testing alone. To reduce reliance on physical testing for compliance, a frontloading vehicle and powertrain development programme has been established where road, chassis dynamometer, Engine-in-the-Loop (EiL) and digital twin virtual toolset methodologies are used.