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Achieving robust ignitability for compression ignition of diesel engines at cold conditions is traditionally challenging due to insufficient fuel vaporization, heavy wall impingement, and thick wall films. Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) has shown the potential to offer an enhanced NOx-particulate matter tradeoff with diesel-like fuel efficiency, but it is unknown how the volatility and reactivity of the fuel will affect ignition under very cold conditions. Therefore, it is important to investigate the impact of fuel physical and chemical properties on ignition under pressures and temperatures relevant to practical engine operating conditions during cold weather. In this paper, 0-D and 3-D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of GCI combustion at cold conditions were performed.

Recent research has shown that gasoline compression ignition (GCI) improves the soot-NOx tradeoff of traditional diesel engines due to the beneficial properties of light distillate fuels. However, system level optimization of a new engine concept is ultimately needed to maximize fuel economy and emissions improvements. Along with air and aftertreatment systems, the fuel system also requires further development to enable GCI. One important design tool for fuel system hardware is 1-D hydraulic modeling. Although accurate tabulations of diesel or equivalent calibration fluid properties are available in 1-D modelling software packages, the same situation does not exist for gasoline-like fuels, especially at conditions encountered in the high-pressure injection equipment needed to support GCI. This study presents a methodology for generating accurate liquid property databases of complex, multi-component light distillate fuels that can be used in high-pressure 1-D hydraulic models.