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A series of experiments using a single-cylinder direct injection diesel engine was conducted to investigate the smoke reduction effect of post injection while varying numerous parameters: the post-injection quantity, post-injection timing, injection pressure, main-injection timing, intake pressure, number of injection nozzle orifices, and combustion chamber shape. The experiments were performed under a fixed NOx emission condition by selecting the total injection quantities needed to obtain the predetermined smoke emission levels without post injection. The smoke reduction effects were compared when changing the post injection timing for different settings of the above parameters, and explanations were found for the measured smoke emission trends. The results indicate that close post injection provides lower smoke emission for a combination of a reentrant combustion chamber and seven-hole nozzle.

A series of experiments was conducted using a single-cylinder small-bore (85 mm) diesel engine to investigate the smoke-reduction effect of post injection by varying the number of injection nozzle orifices and the injection pressure. The experiments were performed under a constant injection quantity condition and under a fixed NOx emission condition. The results indicated that the smoke emission of six-hole, seven-hole, and eight-hole nozzles decreased for advanced post injection, except that the smoke emission of the 10-hole nozzle increased as the post injection was advanced from a moderately late timing around 17° ATDC. However, the smoke emission of the 10-hole nozzle with a higher injection pressure decreased for advanced post injection. These trends were explained considering the influence of the main-spray flames on post sprays based on CFD simulation results.