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With the announcement, as per draft notification GSR 187 (E) dated 19th Feb 2016 issued by MoRTH (Ministry of Road Transport and Highways), on vehicle emission standards to leapfrog from BS IV to BS VI by 2020, diesel engines would be greatly facing challenges to meet the stringent emission requirements of 90% reduction in PM and 50% reduction in NOx emissions simultaneously. Up to BS IV, in-cylinder strategies utilizing higher fuel injection pressure, higher intake boost, lower to moderate EGR, optimized combustion chamber design and lower intake manifold temperature would be sufficient. But meeting emission levels at BS VI levels would require a combination of both in-cylinder combustion control and after treatment system [1]. However, unlike Europe and US markets where wide spread adoption of after treatment solution is viable, for Indian market it would be impeded by infrastructure availability, system cost and cost of ownership.

Virtual modeling of engine and predicting the performance and emissions is now becoming an essential step in engine development for off-road application due to the flexibility in tuning of the combustion parameters and requirement of shorter development times. This paper presents an approach where the test bed calibration time is reduced using virtual techniques, such as 1D thermodynamic simulation and 3D CFD combustion simulation for 4 cylinders TCIC engine complying with Stage IIIA emission norms. 1D thermodynamic simulation has played an important role in the early stage development of an engine for selection of engine sub systems like turbocharger, manifolds, EGR system, valve timings etc. The application of 1D Simulation tool for combustion system development, focusing on NOx emissions for an off road multicylinder mechanical injection diesel engine is discussed.

Real Driving Emission (RDE) norms have changed the way vehicles are required to be calibrated and developed. This has moved the legislative requirements from predictable lab conditions to more realistic, real world conditions. Current Indian legislation allows certification for Heavy Duty (HD) applications on engine level and therefore decoupled from vehicle and the real world scenarios such as uncertainty and randomness in driver behavior, traffic conditions, road profiles, ambient conditions etc. which are not captured. Upcoming RDE legislation to be implemented in year 2023, has made it necessary to integrate engine with vehicle to consider the impact of various parameters on engine operating points and therefore on tail pipe emissions. This paper focusses upon the methodology developed using RDE cycle generator tool (RCG) for generating on-road parameters which influences the zone of engine operation and resulting emission levels.