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The strategies adopted to control the combustion in Diesel applications play a key role when dealing with current and future requirements of automotive market for Diesel powertrain systems. The traditional “open loop” control approach aims to achieve a desired combustion behaviour by indirect manipulation of the system boundary conditions (e.g. fresh air mass, fuel injection). On the contrary, the direct measurement of the combustion process, e.g. by means of in-cylinder pressure sensor, offers the possibility to achieve the same target “quasi” automatically all over the vehicle lifetime in widely different operating conditions. Beside the traditional combustion control in closed loop (i.e. based on inner torque and/or combustion timing), the exploitation of in-cylinder pressure signal offers a variety of possible further applications, e.g. smart detection of Diesel fuel quality variation, control of combustion noise, modeling engine exhaust emission (e.g. NOx).