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Intelligent vehicles can improve traffic safety and reduce damage caused by traffic accidents. Environmental perception system is the core of the intelligent vehicle which detects vehicles and pedestrians around the ego host-vehicle by using vehicle environmental perception sensors. Environmental perception system with the multi-sensor information fusion algorithm can utilize the advantages of each environmental perception sensor and detects targets with higher detection probability and precision. Most of the published papers are based on the sensor level fusion architecture which is not stable and robust in detecting target. This paper presents a multi-sensor fusion algorithm with central level architecture, which can improve the target detection probability compare to these with the sensor level fusion architecture.

Vehicle and pedestrian detection technology is the most important part of advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) and automatic driving. The fusion of millimeter wave radar and camera is an important trend to enhance the environmental perception performance. In this paper, we propose a method of vehicle and pedestrian detection based on millimeter wave radar and camera. Moreover, the proposed method complete the detection of vehicle and pedestrian based on dynamic region generated by the radar data and sliding window. First, the radar target information is mapped to the image by means of coordinate transformation. Then by analyzing the scene, we obtain the sliding windows. Next, the sliding windows are detected by HOG features and SVM classifier in a rough detect. Then using the match function to confirm the target. Finally detecting the windows in a precision detection and merging the detecting windows. The target detection process is carried out in the following three steps.

For sensing system, the trustworthiness of the variant sensors is the crucial point when dealing with advanced driving assistant system application. In this paper, an approach to a hybrid camera-radar application of vehicle tracking is presented, able to meet the requirement of such demand. Most of the time, different types of commercial sensors available nowadays specialize in different situations, such as the ability of offering a wealth of detailed information about the scene for the camera or the powerful resistance to the severe weather for the millimeter-wave (MMW) radar. The detection and tracking in different sensors are usually independent. Thus, the work here that combines the variant information provided by different sensors is indispensable and worthwhile. For the real-time requirement of merging the measurement of automotive MMW radar in high speed, this paper first proposes a fast vehicle tracking algorithm based on image perceptual hash encoding.

Millimeter wave automotive radar is one of the most important sensors in the Advanced Driver Assistance System (ADAS) and autonomous driving system, which detects the target vehicles around the ego vehicle via processing transmitted and echo signals. However, the sampling rate of classical radar signal processing methods based on Nyquist sampling theorem is too high and the resolution of range, velocity and azimuth can’t meet the requirement of highly autonomous driving, especially azimuth. In spatial domain, targets are sparse distribution in the detection range of automotive radar. To solve these problems, the algorithm for targets location based on compressed sensing for automotive radar is proposed in this paper. Besides, the feasibility of the algorithm is verified through the simulation experiments of traffic scene. The range-doppler-azimuth model can be used to estimate the distance, velocity and azimuth of the target accurately.

Target detection is essential to the advanced driving assistance system (ADAS) and automatic driving. And the data fusion of millimeter wave radar and camera could provide more accurate and complete information of targets and enhance the environmental perception performance. In this paper, a method of vehicle and pedestrian detection based on the data fusion of millimeter wave radar and camera is proposed to improve the target distance estimation accuracy. The first step is the targets data acquisition. A deep learning model called Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD) is utilized for targets detection in consecutive video frames captured by camera and further optimized for high real-time performance and accuracy. Secondly, the coordinate system of camera and radar are unified by coordinate transformation matrix. Then, the parallel Kalman filter is used to track the targets detected by radar and camera respectively.

Automotive radar is an important environment perception sensor for advance driving assistance system. It can detect objects around the vehicle with high accuracy and it works in all bad weathers. For traditional automotive radar, it cannot measure the objects’ height. Thus, a manhole cover on the road surface or a guideboard high above the road would be taken erroneously as a non-moving car. In such cases, the adaptive cruise system would decelerate or stop the vehicle erroneously and make the driver uncomfortable. A 3D automotive radar with two-dimensional electronic scanning can measure the targets’ height as well as the targets’ azimuth angle. This paper presents a 79 GHz ultra-wide band automotive 3D imaging radar. Due to the 4 GHz wide bandwidth, the range resolution of this radar can be as small as 3.75 cm.

Estimating the motion state of peripheral targets is a very important part in the environment perception of intelligent vehicles. The accurate estimation of the motion state of the peripheral targets can provide more information for the intelligent vehicle planning module which means the intelligent vehicle is able to anticipate hazards ahead of time. To get the motion state of the target accurately, the target’s range, velocity, orientation angle and yaw rate need to be estimated. Three-dimensional high-resolution automotive millimeter wave radar can measure radial range, radial velocity, azimuth angle and elevation angle about multiple reflections of an extended target. Thus, the three-dimensional range information and three-dimensional velocity information can be obtained. With multiple three-dimensional high-resolution automotive millimeter-wave radar, it is possible to measure information in various directions of a target.