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The range of Plug-In Electric Vehicles (EVs) is highly influenced by the electric power consumed by various sub systems, the major part of the power being used for vehicle climate control strategies in order to ensure an acceptable level of thermal comfort for the passengers. Driving range decreases with low temperatures in particular because cabin heating system requires significant amount of electric power. Range also decreases with high ambient temperatures because of the air conditioning system with electrically-driven compressor. Both thermal systems reduce EV driving range under real life operating cycles, which can be a barrier against market penetration. The structure of a vehicle is capable of absorbing a significant amount of heat when exposed to hot climate conditions. 50-70% of this heat penetrates through the glazing and raises both the internal cabin air temperature and the interior trim surface temperature.

Because electric vehicles (EVs) do not generate pollutants during usage, and they can potentially rely on energy provided by a selection of renewable sources, they are the focus of much current interest. However, due to the present capabilities of battery technology, the overall range of such a vehicle is limited. Furthermore, once the battery is depleted relatively long recharging times are currently required before the vehicle is available for use again. Extended range electric vehicles (E-REVs) overcome many of the short-comings of EVs by having a ‘range extender’ unit, which consists of an onboard electric generator powered by an internal combustion engine. In this type of powertrain, the engine configuration either used the spark ignition or compression ignition engines. The engine operation in cold-start conditions can have a significant impact on drivability, fuel economy and tailpipe emissions.