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With the increase in number of vehicles and amount of traffic, safety has come out to be a big concern in vehicle’s dynamic stability. There are certain system’s limits beyond which if a vehicle is pushed it may become unstable. One of the major areas of research in vehicle dynamics control has been lateral velocity and yaw rate control. With this, situations like vehicle spinning, oversteer, understeer etc. can be addressed. The challenge for the next generations of vehicle control is the integration of the available actuators into a unique holistic control concept. This paper presents the driver reference generator developed for the Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control concept. The driver reference generator processes the driver inputs to determine the target vehicle behavior. The generation of reference behavior is a key factor for the integrated control design. The driver reference generation is validated on a real vehicle.

Reducing the number of traffic accidents is a declared target of most governments leading to mandating Combined Braking System (CBS) or Anti-lock Braking System (ABS) in two wheelers. Traditional friction braking torque and motor braking torque can be used in braking for electric 2wheeler. Use of CBS and ABS helps in active control of vehicle braking leading to better deceleration, prevention of tire locking, control on vehicle pitch etc. A braking model (friction braking + motor regenerative braking) along with battery dynamics is developed in Matlab/Simulink and validated with real vehicle response. This paper presents an analysis on vehicle braking separately for heavy and mild braking in various vehicle load conditions. During heavy braking a feedback control algorithm is used to maintain optimal slip ratio both at the front and rear tire, active control on CBS and ABS+Regen is done and performance is compared.

The standard usage of Combined Braking System (CBS) in lower cc/power 2-wheeler vehicles serves to reduce stopping distance and improve braking stability. The CBS system achieves this by engaging both the front and rear wheel brakes, taking advantage of the high load transfer characteristic during 2-wheeler braking. However, the current design of the CBS system relies on linear system analysis, based on vehicle geometry, load distribution, and tire-road friction. This approach overlooks the non-linearities inherent in braking dynamics, such as tire behavior and dynamic Center of Gravity (CoG) location. Consequently, the current CBS design methodology exhibits limitations, particularly in extreme scenarios where wheel lock-up may occur, such as on low friction surfaces or during panic braking. This paper proposes the incorporation of tire non-linearities into the design of CBS systems using Pacejka’s tire model.