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With the emission standard shift from BS4 to BS6, numerous development and validation activities need to be carried out to achieve the necessary emission targets within a very short time. The conventional iterative development approach, irrespective of any work package at the engine/vehicle level, requires huge efforts in terms of calibration and validation to meet the emission standards and overcome the challenges specific to the Indian market. The Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF) to trap soot is state of the art in Diesel engine-powered vehicles and Diesel devices. With the introduction of DPF, robust model-based calibration is required for effective monitoring and removal of soot. The DPF calibration includes work packages such as the soot model, thermal management, soot burning model, and fleet validation. These work packages must be accurately calibrated and validated under all environmental and driving conditions to meet the above targets.

With the implementation of BS6 Norms, there is an increased focus on reducing particulate matter emissions from gasoline Direct Injection (GDI) engines. GPFs are effective in capturing particulate matter (PM) and particulate number (PN) but their calibration is critical to ensure optimal performance and emissions compliance. This paper presents a study on the calibration of Gasoline Particulate Filters (GPF) to comply with Bharat Stage-6 (BS6) emissions norms. The focus is on thermal management, soot loading, ash loading, and the unique challenges faced in the Indian market. Thermal management strategies include active and passive methods to optimize GPF regeneration and prevent thermal degradation. Soot load detection involves engine-out simulation-based approach as well as delta-Pressure-based approach for accurate soot modelling. Impact of ash loading and its effects on filtration efficiency and pressure drop will also be discussed.

Off-highway segment (OHW) is to meet the new emission norms of CEV BS V/Trem-V legislations. For new emission norms numerous development and validation activities need to be carried out to achieve the results with in a very short development time. The conventional Mechanical Fuel Injection system is being replaced with Common Rail Injection system and with advanced Exhaust Gas after treatment system like DOC, DPF & SCR etc. The development approach of all work package at engine/vehicle level requires huge efforts in terms of calibration and validation to meet the emission standards of various end implements specific to the Indian market. Diesel Particulate Filter has become a necessary After treatment system in OHW segments to meet new emission legislation especially for the reduction of particulate matter, wherein DPF helps in accumulation of the particulate matter.