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There has been growing demand for increased fuel efficiency, reduced emissions and improved power performance while maintaining reliability and durability of mechanical and structural systems in many different industries. The structural engineering components often experience long loading histories, typically ten million cycles or greater, i.e. high cycle fatigue (HCF) and very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) regimes. HCF in the range of 106-108 cycles and VHCF in the range of 108-1010 cycles are key design criteria for aerospace, automotive, military, transportation and many other industries. However, fatigue characterization of metal alloys in the HCF and VHCF regimes is hindered by limitations of traditional fatigue testing machines due to time and cost constraints. The development of high power piezoceramic actuators enables efficient and reliable fatigue tests in the HCF and VHCF regimes within a very short time frame on the basis of ultrasonic fatigue testing approaches.