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The use of alternative fuels consisting of mineral and synthetic waste substances such as recycled lubricating oil blended with diesel is a measure to mitigate the environmental impact of the fossil fuels. However, to inject these fuel blends into contemporary engines without changes to their components, it must maintain or improve the fuel injection characteristics compared to neat diesel, in order to maintain or improve the engine performance. In the present research, the spray parameters of injected fuel, such as length, angle and atomization particle diameter in terms of the Sauter mean diameter (SMD), are modeled depending on the characterization of different concentration of the recycled lubricating oil blended with diesel.

A higher level of atomization of the fuel leads to a more homogeneous mixture with the air in internal combustion engines, whether they are equipped with direct injection or port fuel injected systems. The further break-up of the atomized fuel drops by the interaction of two fuel sprays is described in this paper. In the present research, a simulation of the collision and swirl of two fuel sprays in a double-injector engine concept is carried out through a qualitative comparison with the images obtained from the recorded video of the sprays and the results of the simulation. Previous work simulated and tested the spray interaction of fuel injectors on the top of the combustion chamber; while this research proposes a new approach to reduce the diameter of the atomized fuel drops through the direct collision of the sprays with injectors located oppositely and fully horizontally to get advantage of the flow’s momentum.