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Connected and automated vehicles (CAVs) are gaining momentum, especially in the potential to improve road safety and reducing energy consumption and emissions. Lane-change maneuver is one of the most important conventional parts of automated driving. We address the problem of optimally CAVs to accomplish an automated lane-change and eliminate potential collision during the lane-change process on a curved road. Drivers’ safety, comfort, convenience, and fuel economy are also engaged in trajectory planning. We assume that the centripetal motion displacement and the rotational angular displacement meet the requirement of odd-order polynomial constrains. Then, the polynomial coefficient of the trajectory can be reduced and the mathematical model of virtual trajectory for lane-change can be designed based on the models of centripetal displacement and angular displacement by applying the above constrains and boundary conditions.

This paper presents a novel torque distribution strategy (TDS) and a modified regenerative braking strategy (MRBS) for distributed-drive electric vehicle (DDEV) considering energy saving and brake stability. The presented TDS minimizes the energy consumption from battery in driving process. In order to overcome the shortcomings by using polynomial approximation for motor efficiency and the local minima problem, an exhaustive search method (ESM) is proposed to obtain the optimal front-rear torque distribution ratio. First, the power summation of four in-wheel motors is selected as the cost function of the optimization problem. Second, the ESM is designed to obtain the optimal torque distribution ratio according to current torque demand and motor speed based on motor efficiency map. Maximum motor torque and tire-road conditions are taken as constraints. Third, a MRBS is proposed to improve energy recovery performance by take ECE R13 and motor efficiency into account.