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Perforated ducts are present in most designs of exhaust mufflers, due to their convenient sound attenuation properties. While suitable tools are available for the estimation of this attenuation, accounting for the influence on attenuation of the perforated ducts for different arrangements, a similar tool but related to the back-pressure generated by mufflers containing perforated ducts is not available. In this paper, the basis for such a tool are set by defining a suitable characterisation of perforated pipes that may allow for the consideration of the influence of a particular perforated duct on the back pressure generated by a given muffler. The results obtained have been validated in a particularly simple case, and the results confirm the feasibility of the proposed methodology, while suggesting possible future improvements.

The use of computer calculation tools in order to reduce the cost of the development of optimized exhaust systems has turned out to be a generalized industrial practice. Therefore, considerable efforts are devoted to the development of suitable calculation tools, which are representative of the real phenomena taking place in the exhaust systems. In the present paper, the results of the application of a hybrid linear/nonlinear calculation method to the prediction of the exhaust noise radiated by I.C. engines are presented. First, a brief description of the method is given. Then, comparison is shown between the results of the calculation and experimental measurements, both for in-duct pressure and for noise radiated. The agreement obtained indicates that this method may be used as a design tool in the frame of the new methodologies presently arising in exhaust system development.

Concentric perforated duct mufflers are broadly used when designing automotive front mufflers because of their acceptable acoustic performance and their low backpressure. In the frame of the design methodologies presently used, suitable theoretical models are needed in order to estimate this performance without the need to build prototypes and perform experimental tests. A lot of work has been performed in this sense; nevertheless, there remains a reasonable doubt that the results obtained with purely linear models are representative of the muffler behaviour under actual engine conditions. In the present paper, a two dimensional finite element model is used in order to compute the transmission loss of several concentric perforated duct mufflers, and the results are compared with experimental measurements performed with a modified version of the impulse method that allows for the use of high amplitude pressure pulses as excitation.

Exhaust noise emission is the result of the propagation of pressure perturbations along the exhaust line, whose primary source is the instantaneous mass flow rate across the exhaust valves. In this paper, a model for the estimation of this magnitude is presented, which has two main objectives: the first one is to provide a representation of the engine as an exhaust noise source as independent as possible on the exhaust system; the second one to allow for the estimation of the exhaust mass flow in such cases where the full set of data required by a conventional gas-dynamic simulation is not available. The model presented uses a reduced set of geometrical and operation data, which can be either representative for a given engine family, or even target values for an engine still not fully defined.