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A low ambient temperature increases wear and fuel consumption in vehicle engines. The startability of the engine and the start-up of lubrication are highly dependent on the type of engine oil (mineral, semisynthetic, synthetic), whereas fuel consumption depends more on the engine type and driving conditions. The research work in a special cold chamber equipped with a powerful cooling system has so far involved three gasoline engines and two diesel engines. One gasoline engine was also tested in combination with an all-mechanical transaxle. Tests were carried out within the temperature range of +20…−30 °C using different engine lubricants in order to evaluate both lubrication during the initial start-up and fuel consumption during a test period of 30 minutes. Engines were run under both constant and cyclic load. Effects of auxiliary electrical block and oil sump heaters were also studied.