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A previously defined methodology for the development of Finite Element (FE) detailed models of road vehicles has been utilized to create four different FE models of Child Restraint Systems (CRS). The resulting CRS “fleet” includes two convertible toddler seats, one infant rear-facing seat and a booster seat. Model dimensions range from 5,865 nodes, 4,168 elements and 2 parts for the reduced booster seat to 18,204 nodes, 21,345 elements and more than 20 parts for the most complex convertible one. All adjustable reclining/rocking positions have been considered during the model definition. The main characteristics of the models, as well as the reverse engineering process, are discussed in this paper. Particular material properties have not been studied in depth, but some insight is also offered on this subject to the prospective analyst or modeler. Versatility of the models and future research work required to fully validate the models are briefly commented.

This paper investigates the effects of driver airbag inflation characteristics, airbag relative position, airbag to dummy relative velocity, and steering column characteristics using a finite element model of a vehicle, air bag, and Hybrid III 50% male dummy. Simulation is conducted in a static test environment using a validated finite element model. Several static simulation tests are performed where the air bag module's position is mounted in a rigid steering wheel and the vertical and horizontal distances are varied relative to the dummy. Three vertical alignments are used: one position corresponds to the head centered on module, another position corresponds to the neck centered on module, and the third position centers the chest on the module. Horizontal alignments vary from 0 mm to 50 mm to 100 mm. All of these tests are simulated using a typical pre-1998 type inflation curve (mass flow rate of gas entering the bag).