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The Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) catalytic conversion process can be used to synthesize diesel fuels from a variety of feedstocks, including coal, natural gas and biomass. Synthetic diesel fuels can have very low sulfur and aromatic content, and excellent autoignition characteristics. Moreover, Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuels may also be economically competitive with California diesel fuel if produced in large volumes. An overview of Fischer-Tropsch diesel fuel production and engine emissions testing is presented. Previous engine laboratory tests indicate that F-T diesel is a promising alternative fuel because it can be used in unmodified diesel engines, and substantial exhaust emissions reductions can be realized. The authors have performed preliminary tests to assess the real-world performance of F-T diesel fuels in heavy-duty trucks. Seven White-GMC Class 8 trucks equipped with Caterpillar 10.3 liter engines were tested using F-T diesel fuel.

Three LPG conversion systems were evaluated for Federal Test Procedure emissions and fuel economy on a 1992 Chevrolet Lumina. These three “kits” were tested using up to four different LPG fuel blends. Installation and adjustment problems of the conversions are discussed in this paper. Despite the variability of emissions between systems, the driveability was generally good and the reactivity of the hydrocarbon emissions, as shown by speciation, was low compared to the industry average gasoline baseline data. In fact, the reactivity adjustment factor (RAF) was as low as 0.292 for a conversion which met 1993 EPA standards.