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A computer analysis is developed for studying the energy and exergy performance of a turbocharged diesel engine, operating under transient load conditions. The model incorporates some novel features for the simulation of transient operation, such as detailed analysis of mechanical friction, separate consideration for the processes of each cylinder during a cycle (“multi-cylinder” model) and mathematical modelling of the fuel pump. The model is validated against experimental data taken from a turbocharged diesel engine, located at the authors' laboratory, operated under transient load conditions. The availability terms for the diesel engine and its subsystems are analyzed, i.e. cylinder for both the open and closed parts of the cycle, inlet and exhaust manifolds, turbocharger and aftercooler.