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Cycle-resolved numerical and experimental analyses were carried out to study the dynamics of an automotive diesel injection system with a distributor-type pump during transient control phases. The investigation had the following main objectives: to assess a flexible and efficient simulation program of high-pressure fuel-injection systems in unsteady operating conditions; to examine the system response to rapid load or speed variations, regardless of the control device which may cause them. The program, based on a fast implicit numerical algorithm with second-order accuracy, was an extension of the computational code NAIS which had been previously developed and validated for stationary operating conditions. The experiments were made on a test bench usually used by industry to evaluate diesel injection equipment.