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The similar targets of future spark-ignition (SI) and compression-ignition (CI) engines consisting in the noticeable increase of specific power concomitantly with the drastic reduction of fuel consumption and pollution in a wide operation range lead to similar development of thermodynamic functions and technical solutions. The achieved modular level of implementation of functions and solutions in advanced piston engines allows to establish common development platforms for both SI and CI engines. Such functions are the scavenging management, the spray-guided mixture formation by fuel direct injection, the exhaust gas recirculation and the homogeneous charge compression ignition. Under the technical solutions to their generation there are the super- or turbocharging, the variable control of intake-and exhaust valves and the direct injection techniques by common rails or by high pressure modulation.