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The dominant influence of racing regulations on the history of bicycles, and particularly of recumbent bicycles, is described. A new class of racing for human-powered vehicles, set up in 1974, brought about the present enthusiasm for recumbent bicycles. The development of the AVATAR 2000, originally designed to lessen injury risks in commuting, is described, together with modifications that, as the AVATAR BLUEBELL, led to its holding the world 200-m flying-start speed championship 1982-3. Paper closes with predictions of likely future developments.

Terminal design has emerged as having critical importance in the planning of dual-mode transportation in cities because the very high line-haul capacity of automated guideways can lead to large space requirements at entry and exit points. In this paper the influence of vehicle size, the method of guidance and propulsion, and the network terminal layouts on the space requirements for the overall transportation systems are discussed. Forecasts are made of the manner in which dual-mode transportation will first be installed.