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Technologies for exhaust aftertreatment of diesel engines are driven by emission standards and Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) will play a key role in complying with the requirements, particularly for the heavy duty vehicles. Amongst the variety of catalysts for the SCR reaction, the Vanadium-Tungsten-Titanium-Based (VWT) system is preferred over the base metal doped zeolite because of the established advantages of wide temperature window, robust and durable performance and resistance to sulfur exposure. While the basic chemical reactions involved in ammonia-SCR are well known, the challenge lies in identifying the right combination of substrate and wash coat formulation to meet with customer specific requirements. An insight into the relevant materials properties of the substrates as well as the bulk surface properties of the wash coat such as its ammonia storage capacity, V2O5 dispersion and stability are important.

The prospective generation of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) can attempt to eliminate conventional primary control surfaces, thereby seeking to enhance operational efficiency. This endeavor constitutes an experimental manifestation of morphing principles utilizing Shape Memory Alloy (SMA), specifically Nitinol, to actuate control surfaces through a meticulously orchestrated application of power cycles at diverse frequencies. The integration of Morphing Technology has garnered heightened attention within the aviation industry, owing to its capacity to augment efficiency and performance across a spectrum of flight conditions. The intrinsic appeal of morphing lies in its potential to dynamically alter wing geometry during flight, thereby optimizing fuel efficiency and mitigating environmental impact through diminished carbon emissions resulting from reduced drag. This, in turn, necessitates reduced thrust to achieve similar or same performance levels.