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Cavitation erosion on wet cylinder liners has been occurring for many years. However, the higher loads that have been applied to the engines in recent years are enhancing its effects. The material removal during the cavitation occurrence can reduce the engine life considerably, as the liner can be perforated resulting in the mixture of the coolant fluid with the lubricant oil of the engine. This paper discusses the most important points found in a bibliographical review about this subject creating a better theoretical basis for the development of new materials and designs of cylinder liners. The results of the development of a new test procedure to study the cavitation on cylinder liners are also presented, with the objective of reducing the duration and cost of tests in dynamometric benches.