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A high swirl divided-chamber Diesel engine system with longitudinal and lateral optical access was developed to study the air-fuel mixing and combustion processes using both conventional and optical techniques. In particular, the spatial and temporal spray evolution, the mixture formation and the combustion phenomena were visualized by a high speed camera. The spatial distribution of soot temperature and soot volume fraction were estimated by spectral flame emissivity measurements using a polychromator with an intensified CCD camera. A modified version of the KIVA-3 numerical code was used to compute the flow field and spray combustion. The code was coupled with a pre-processor to generate the grid of the divided-chamber system and included models of droplet deformation breakup (DDB), single step ignition delay and turbulent mixing-controlled combustion.