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The goal of this study was to develop injury probability functions for the leg bending moment and MCL (Medial Collateral Ligament) elongation of the Flexible Pedestrian Legform Impactor (Flex-PLI) based on human response data available from the literature. Data for the leg bending moment at fracture in dynamic 3-point bending were geometrically scaled to an average male using the standard lengths obtained from the anthropometric study, based on which the dimensions of the Flex-PLI were determined. Both male and female data were included since there was no statistically significant difference in bone material property. Since the data included both right censored and uncensored data, the Weibull Survival Model was used to develop a human leg fracture probability function.

Regarding THOR-50AM dummy lower extremities (hereafter referred to as ""THOR''and ""THOR-LX'') developed as an assembly of lower extremities for next-generation dummies in frontal impact test, we have conducted a series of tests as follows. HYGE sled tests with a toe-board simulating the impact upon intrusion into the vehicle compartment around the occupant feet, dummy dropping tests with two different postures; one is the upright posture with the knees set straight and another is the posture with the knees bent, in order to apply impact loads and to measure/evaluate the impact response characteristics.

The structural differences between the Thor-NT and Thor-FT dummies, which have been proposed as next-generation dummies for frontal crash tests, were examined and the differences in dynamic response were verified by testing. Tests were performed on a HYGE sled simulating a frontal crash at an impact speed of 56 km/h. The 3-point seatbelt plus air bag combination was adopted as the restraint mechanism. Differences in characteristics of the two dummies in the neck, thorax, and abdomen were found by calibration tests. Test results showed that the variation in shape of the abdominal area of the pelvis generates some disparity in the flexion of the thorax and abdomen.

Three improvements for the Hybrid III dummy parts are proposed by NHTSA, they are the neck shield, hip joint, and ankle joint In this paper, two modifications of the three, the neck shield and hip joint, are evaluated The recommended neck shield was tested and compared to the previous type to investigate the following, 1 The effect of the neck moment on both the recommended and previous type, and 2 The comparison between the stiffness of the neck shield and human soft tissue under the chin, using a volunteer static test From these tests, the new recommended neck shield performed better than the previous type with respect to both biofidelity and the effect on the neck moment test The neck shield for 5th-percentile female was also considered The hip joint recommended by NHTSA was compared with the modified joint and pelvis proposed by Toyota It was found that the NHTSA's recommended hip joint eliminated the hip lock due to metal-to-metal contact It was also found that the maximum rotation angle of the NHTSA's recommended hip joint was less than that of the hip joint and pelvis proposed by Toyota