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This paper reviews the development of a new standard for four-stroke diesel engine oils, JASO DH-1 (JASO M355: 2000). This standard was introduced to the market on April 1, 2001. It prescribes the minimum performance for engine oils conforming to four-stroke diesel engines manufactured by Japanese OEMs. This standard is composed of four engine tests and seven bench tests. The engine tests include a piston detergency test (JASO M336: 1998), valve train wear test (JASO M354: 1999), soot dispersancy test (ASTM D 5967-99) and high temperature antioxidation test (ASTM D 5533-97a). The piston detergency test and the valve train wear test were developed in Japan. The bench tests measure hot surface deposits, anti-forming, volatility, anti-corrosion, shear-stability, total base number, and seal compatibility.