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Hydrogen is expected to be one of the most important fuel in the near future to solve greenhouse problem and to save conventional fuels. In this study, a Direct Injection (DI) diesel engine was tested for its performance and emissions in dual-fuel (Hydrogen-Diesel) mode operation. Hydrogen was injected into the intake port along with air, while diesel was injected directly inside the cylinder. Hydrogen injection timing and injection duration were varied for a wider range with constant injection timing of 23° Before Injection Top Dead Centre (BITDC) for diesel fuel. When hydrogen is used as a fuel along with diesel, emissions of Hydro Carbon (HC), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOX) decrease without exhausting more amount of smoke. The maximum brake thermal efficiency obtained is about 30 % at full load for the optimized injection timing of 5° After Gas Exchange Top Dead Centre (AGTDC) and for an injection duration of 90° crank angle.

Diesel engines are the main prime movers for public transportation vehicles, stationary power generation units and for agricultural applications. Hence it is very important to find a best alternate fuel, which emits fewer pollutants into the atmosphere from diesel engines. In this regard hydrogen is receiving considerable attention, as an alternative source of energy to replace the rapidly depleting petroleum resources. Its clean burning characteristics provide a strong incentive to study its utilization as a possible alternate fuel. Hydrogen injection along with selective catalytic converter shows very attractive results both from the performance and emissions point of view. A maximum reduction in oxides of nitrogen (NOx) of 74% is achieved for a (ratio of flow rate of ammonia to the flow rate of NO) of 1.1 with a marginal reduction in efficiency. The reduction in both hydrocarbon (HC) and NOx emission is one of the major advantages of Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) system.

Vehicular emissions contribute nearly two-third of the environmental pollution. The increasing usage of personal transportation and higher emissions from the tail pipe contribute significantly to the climate change. Though catalytic converters and other regulatory measures have brought down the emission levels, it is a serious concern about addressing the problems of depleting fossil fuel sources and the green house gas emissions. The effective use of ethanol either as a neat fuel or as a mixture with gasoline has proved technically feasible and environmentally acceptable. Electric Vehicle (EV) which is a Zero emission vehicle is yet to be accepted due to its poor drivability range. Hence Hybrid Electric Vehicles is emerging as an alternate solution that overcome the disadvantages of EV's and the existing prime movers can suitably be combined with the electric drive to produce optimal results.