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The advent of permanently operating space laboratories as part of the International Space Station Freedom raises challenging requirements also for the thermal and environmental control of those laboratories. Enhanced crew size, power dissipation due to a broad range of experiments, flexibility with respect to payload reconfiguration and rack interchangeability, to name only a few, typically are such requirements. The paper is devoted to the analysis of these requirements and related conceptual design solutions in the light of overall system aspects with special emphasis on the permanently Attached Laboratory of the European Columbus Programme. In particular the following subjects will be addressed: loops concept factors like parallel /serial /multi loop/single loop and reconfiguration of water cooling and air cooling loops.