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Gaseous compounds, particle number and size distribution measurements on a gasoline direct injection (GDI) vehicle and a port fuel injection (PFI) vehicle were conducted over the U.S. Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP-75) and US06 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06) on Tier 2 certification gasoline (E0) and a 10% by volume ethanol (E10). Overall the GDI test vehicle was observed to have lower fuel consumption than the PFI test vehicle by 6% and 3% for the FTP-75 and US06 drive cycles, respectively. When using E10, this GDI vehicle had a better fuel consumption than the PFI vehicle by 7% and 5% for the FTP-75 and US06 drive cycles, respectively. For particle emissions, the solid particle number emission rates for the GDI, equipped with a 3-way catalyst in its original equipment manufacturer configuration (i.e., stock GDI), were 10 and 31 times higher than the PFI vehicle for the FTP-75 and US06 drive cycles, respectively.

Gaseous and particle emissions from a gasoline direct injection (GDI) and a port fuel injection (PFI) vehicle were measured at various ambient temperatures (22°C, -7°C, -18°C). These vehicles were driven over the U.S. Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP-75) and US06 Supplemental Federal Test Procedure (US06) on Tier 2 certification gasoline (E0) and 10% by volume ethanol (E10). Emissions were analyzed to determine the impact of ambient temperature on exhaust emissions over different driving conditions. Measurements on the GDI vehicle with a gasoline particulate filter (GPF) installed were also made to evaluate the GPF particle filtration efficiency at cold ambient temperatures. The GDI vehicle was found to have better fuel economy than the PFI vehicle at all test conditions. Reduction in ambient temperature increased the fuel consumption for both vehicles, with a much larger impact on the cold-start FTP-75 drive cycle observed than for the hot-start US06 drive cycle.

This paper will present emissions durability data from an underground mining vehicle equipped with diesel particulate filter technology, which was followed over 4000 hrs on a Detroit Diesel Series 60 engine. The twin particulate filter system is catalyzed using a base metal formulation on cordierite wall flow monoliths. After the durability accumulation, the recovered filters were individually emissions tested on a Detroit Diesel Series 50 engine over the ISO 8178 test cycle. Performance, maintenance and emissions issues pertaining to base metal catalysts will be discussed.

Heavy-duty diesel engines for transit bus applications are having to meet increasingly stringent emission standards. The new engines are significantly cleaner than they were just a few years ago. However, due to the long life of transit buses in Ontario (18 years), many buses still in service are powered by older engines which produce greater amounts of regulated exhaust emissions. The Ottawa-Carleton Regional Transit Commission (OC Transpo) has an interest in reducing emissions from older transit buses in their fleet. Eight Donaldson particulate trap systems were installed on transit buses. The purpose of the work, involving four different bus/engine combinations, was to assess the practicality and benefits of particulate traps in transit applications. This paper discusses the demonstration of diesel exhaust particulate traps in Ottawa-based transit buses.

This paper presents the results of an in-use emissions testing program which investigated the emissions and duty cycles from five heavy-duty construction vehicles. The program examined the emission reduction potential of various retrofit control technologies including; diesel oxidation catalysts, passive particulate filter, and active particulate filter technologies. Analysis of the results are provided for both the original vehicle configuration and with the vehicles retrofitted with exhaust aftertreatment systems. The vehicles studied included a dump truck, two wheeled loaders, a backhoe and a bulldozer. The paper will discuss in-use heavy-duty vehicle emissions and the use of emissions control technologies.