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Technical Paper

Estimation of Occupant Position from Probability Manifolds of Air Bag Fire-times

1998-02-23
980643
This paper outlines a method for estimating the probablistic nature of airbag crash sensor response and its effect on occupant position. Probability surfaces of airbag fire times are constructed for the impact velocities from 0 to 40 mph. These probability surfaces are obtained by using both frontal offset deformable barrier and frontal rigid barrier crash data. Another probability surface of displacement is constructed to estimate the occupant displacement time history before airbag deployment. This probability surface is constructed by using the initial occupant seating position data and the vehicle impact velocity and deceleration data. In addition, the probability of airbag firing at a given crash velocity is estimated from NASS-CDS, frontal offset and rigid barrier crash data.
Technical Paper

Air Bag Loading on In-Position Hybrid III Dummy Neck

2001-03-05
2001-01-0179
The Hybrid III family of dummies is used to estimate the response of an occupant during a crash. One recent area of interest is the response of the neck during air bag loading. The biomechanical response of the Hybrid III dummy's neck was based on inertial loading during crash events, when the dummy is restrained by a seat belt and/or seat back. Contact loading resulting from an air bag was not considered when the Hybrid III dummy was designed. This paper considers the effect of air bag loading on the 5th percentile female Hybrid III dummies. The response of the neck is presented in comparison to currently accepted biomechanical corridors. The Hybrid III dummy neck was designed with primary emphasis on appropriate flexion and extension responses using the corridors proposed by Mertz and Patrick. They formulated the mechanical performance requirements of the neck as the relationship between the moment at the occipital condyles and the rotation of the head relative to the torso.
Technical Paper

Extraction of Information From Noisy 3-Year-Old Atd Response Signals in Static Out-Of-Position Airbag Tests

2001-06-04
2001-06-0101
This paper presents an approach to analyze experimental data contaminated with noise from Anthropomorphic Test Devices (ATDs). This approach is based on information extraction procedures and they are illustrated through an analysis of Hybrid III 3-year-old and Q3 ATDs test data. The methodology used for extracting information and ATD test data analysis includes optimized filtering, spectral coherence, auto- and cross-correlation analysis, and Kalman filtering. This work investigates promising techniques of extracting information from noisy ATD signals that are not commonly used in the automotive industry.
Technical Paper

HYBRID III DUMMY NECK RESPONSE TO AIR BAG LOADING

2001-06-04
2001-06-0130
This paper discusses issues related to the Hybrid III dummy head/neck response due to deploying air bags. The primary issue is the occurrence of large moment at the occypital condyles of the dummy, when the head-rotation with respect to the torso is relatively small. The improbability of such an occurrence in humans is discussed in detail based on the available biomechanical data. A secondary issue is the different anthropometric characteristics of the head/neck region of the Hybrid III dummy when compared to humans. Different modes of interaction between the deploying air bag and the Hybrid III dummy’s neck are discussed. Key features of the dummy’s response in these interaction modes have been described in light of the laxity of the atlanto-occypital joint and the effect of the neck muscle pairs. Issues for improving the biofidelity of the Hybrid III dummy’s neck response due to deploying air bags are discussed.
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