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The awareness concerning environmental issues and the economical need for fuel savings leads to the introduction of new, highly efficient Diesel engines for passenger cars. An engine with common rail injection system could meet this target and, with the help of an advanced diesel exhaust aftertreatment system also fulfilled the new legislative emission regulations. Besides the efficient oxidation of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and diesel particulates, such a system also requires a moderate reduction efficiency for nitrogen oxides (NOx) under excess oxygen conditions. The present paper illustrates the further progress in catalytic NOx-reduction under excess of oxygen by hydrocarbon enrichment using the common rail injection system.

Catalyst applications for gasoline and diesel engine powered passenger cars and 2-stroke Two- and Three-wheelers are the main focus of this paper. Catalyst durability and deactivating effects are discussed in detail. Experiences on Indian conditions are also included.

This paper traces the evolution of heavy-duty truck transmissions in Europe, comments on the factors that have influenced and will influence the designs, compares some of the types in current use, and gives the author's views on possible lines of further development in the next decade. The ultimate predominance of any particular truck transmission will, of course, be the result of compromise between legislative, economic, and geographic factors. All these influences vary considerably in their effects on European truck manufacture as compared to that in the United States. The discussion of these differences points up areas of interest to manufacturers of transmissions who engage in export of their products.