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The effect of the amount of refrigerant on automotive air conditioning system behavior was clarified through simulations and experiments. It has been revealed that the best way to measure the amount of refrigerant in an air-conditioning system is to measure the liquid-gas flow ratio in the liquid line. In order to measure the liquid-gas flow ratio, a mechanical sensor for fluids was developed and applied to a refrigerant monitoring system which can identify when the amount of refrigerant drops to 60% of the regular level.

The important problems to be tackled from the point of view of preventing global warming are to save the power consumption of car air conditioning systems and reducing the refrigerant used in those systems. Our approach to the task is to enhance system efficiency by utilizing sub-cooling at the outlet of the condenser and also to reduce the amount of refrigerant through a refrigerant behavior pattern analysis. This approach has created a simple system construction using an integrated condenser/receiver device.