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With the increasing demand for smaller automobiles that will conserve natural resources and save energy, and the need to systematize the development of such vehicles by shortening their developmental period and by reducing the number of required experimental vehicles, the analysis of automotive collisions has become increasingly important for us. The analysis of automotive collisions was first conducted by a lumped-mass method, although it has some shortcomings, e.g., it is difficult to make models and it is inappropriate for three-dimensional analysis. Consequently, a finite element method is also presently in use. From the finite element method currently in use, for the purpose, however, a practical level of analysis duration and deformation analysis cannot be expected. Therefore, we have developed a hybrid program called “FEMASS”, which is a combination of the lumped-mass method and the finite element method programs.

Energy optimal control theory (EOC) is applied to the energy flow control of a hybrid electric vehicle. Since the differential equation is solved analytically, the control law can be easily implemented in real time. Because the objective function is described in power form that permits negative value, not only the energy consumption is minimized but also the energy regeneration by the motor is maximized. In the simulation for the 10-mode driving, it is shown that the fuel cost of EOC is 15% lower than the rule based control (RBC).