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The fundamental effect that cycle difference of a reciprocating internal combustion engine has on noise and performance, together with noise and vibration characteristics of 2- and 4-cycle diesel engines, is described. Some of the conclusions drawn from extensive noise and vibration measurements include: 1. Variation in engine surface vibration and noise radiated is linearly related to a force input applied to the structure. 2. A method of predicting combustion noise levels of current automotive diesel engines. 3. A combination of engine performance calculations with relations for predicting overall engine noise in initial design stages.