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In a cooperative programme between BMW and Shell, the effects of gasoline properties and composition on regulated emissions (HC, CO, NOx), CO2, fuel consumption and catalyst performance have been studied. The objective of the test programme was to investigate the effect of different hydrocarbon groups from typical refinery streams on exhaust emissions with a detailed analysis not only of the tailpipe emissions but also engine out emissions and catalyst performance. In total thirteen fuels with widely varying physical properties and chemical composition were evaluated in a 1991 series production BMW 525i, and a subset of three of these fuels in two other BMW models to verify their sensitivity to fuel quality. The results for the BMW 525i showed that significant reductions in HC, CO and NOx emissions were seen for fuels containing splashblended oxygenates and with aromatics replaced by isoparaffins.