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In recent years, a research on the air independent power plants which can operate underwater using conventional energy source other than battery are carried out on an international scale. Thus, a new concepts of operating a direct injection diesel engine with artificial air intake, which is composed of oxygen, nitrogen, water vapor, carbon dioxide, and argon, are investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Various factors affecting the performance of Diesel Engine such as cylinder pressure vs. crank angle, specific fuel consumption, ignition delay, intake gas temperature and compositions are evaluated experimentally, and they are compared with the mathematical model. The effects of oxygen density, carbon dioxide density, argon density, and the intake gas temperature on the performance of diesel engine are analyzed.