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Experimental and numerical studies are conducted on the formation of soot and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), regarded as precursors of soot, during the combustion of fuel-rich homogeneous n-heptane mixtures. In-cylinder gases are sampled directly through a high-speed solenoid valve in engine tests, to be analyzed by GC/MS for qualifying PAHs. Smoke concentration is also measured. A numerical study is carried out by using a zero-dimensional model combined with detailed chemical kinetics. The experiments and computations show that PAHs can be predicted qualitatively by means of the present kinetic model.

Among industrial engines, vortex chamber diesel engines are mainly used in small engines with output of less than 19 kW, and they employ an indirect injection system in which fuel is injected into a sub-chamber called a vortex chamber. The throttle-type nozzle used in swirl-chamber diesel engines is expected to change its spraying behavior depending on ambient conditions because the pressure fluctuations in the nozzle cause the needle valve to lift, and the injection amount is controlled by the amount of lift of the needle valve. In addition, the dimensions of the vortex chamber of a vortex chamber diesel engine are smaller than the spray development distance, and wall impingement of the spray is expected. In this study, spraying and combustion experiments were conducted using a constant volume chamber to understand the behavior of the spray from a throttle-type nozzle.